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Working With Layers

 

As I mentioned previously I'm assuming that you are working with Photoshop (PSD) layered files from your stitcher software.  Of course these basic steps can be used for other file types.  The output I'm working with is from PTGUI.

 

Again, the image below is a sample of PTGUI's PSD layered output.  The layer mask has been filled in with a solid black making layers 2 - 8 invisible.

 

 

 

Topics covered:

Correcting stitching errors

Removing unwanted details

Patching with layers

 

 


 

Let's begin...

 

For a sample pano we'll work with this interior shot of Toronto's Union Station. 

(This building may no longer exist sometime soon.  They're planning on building a new one)  So this picture may become a classic soon...

 

This equirectangular image is the output from PTGUI.  A layered and blended panorama.  Again, the black fill on the mask means the image is hidden.

 

 

 

Correcting stitching errors.

 

The image below was zoomed in on the upper portion of the equirectangular image.  The blue arrows shows the rays from the lights misaligned. 

 

 

 

 

To figure out which layer and layer mask to choose hold down the SHIFT key and left click on the layer mask of each layer one at a time.  You will see the layer mask will have a red "X".  This signifies the layer mask has been disabled allowing the layer to be visible. 

 

Below I chose the zenith image.  As you can see the rays of the lights line up.  Again, check the other layers to see if they have a better output.  Once you've decided which layer to use enable the layer mask.  To enable the layer mask simply left click on the layer mask.

 

 

Below you'll see the brush tool and white foreground color were selected.  An area of the layer mask of the upper most layer was revealed by simply brushing parts of it.  You can see a small white area on the layer mask. 

 

Notice a box around the layer mask.  This signifies that the mask is selected.  This is important.

 

 

To view the area showing through the mask simply click on the "eye" on the "Blended panorama" layer.  This will make this layer invisible.  Click on the box again to make the layer visible.

 

 

Go through the entire image and correct as necessary.  Then save.

 

 


 
 

Removing unwanted details...  moving subjects.

 

The same procedures apply as mentioned above.  This is useful for removing anything that moves such as people, cars, animals, etc.

 

Due to long exposures anything moving will blur.  As you can see from the image below people are blurred.  For something like this I really don't mind having this blur but if you really want to remove them, again,  follow the same steps as above.

 

 

 

Below I chose the two layers to remove the people.

 

 

 

 


 

 

Patching with layers

 

Sometimes images just don't line up.   There is a solution to force these images to line up.  I use a number of tools to do this   Again the same procedure as above.  The only difference now is you're manually manipulating a layer to line up.

 

You can download a sample PSD file for practice here - Patching Layers Sample  1.8MB.  Same image as below.

 

 

 

Follow the steps above.  Figure which layer can repair the error by "SHIFT" & clicking on each layer mask. 

 

Below I chose the zenith image to fix the error.  Notice the red "X" on Image 6's layer mask.  As mentioned above this signifies the layer mask has been disabled. 

 

Also notice the "box" around the layer mask.  This signifies that the mask is selected and not the image.  THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT.  To select which to work with simply click on either one. 

 

Notice the lower portion of the the zenith image how it does not line up.  Don't worry about this.

 

Enable the layer mask again by simply clicking on it.

 

 

 

 

Next click on the image (layer).

 

 

 

 

Duplicate the layer.  You can do this two ways.  You can either hit "CTRL+J" or drag the layer to the "Create a new layer" icon at the bottom of the palette.

 

The reason for duplicating the layer is so that you can delete the layer if you happen to make a mistake and start over again.  Also it'll make editing easier.

 

 

 

 

Next crop the image.  This is to make manipulating the layer easier.  If you were to manipulate this layer in it's full size you and your computer will have a difficult time.  Unless of course you have a super computer.

 

Select the rectangular marquee tool and select an area that will be enough to cover the misaligned area.

 

 

 

 

Now you will need to select the "Inverse" of this layer.  You can either hit "Shift+CTRL+I" or on the toolbar click on "Select" then choose "Inverse".   Then hit the "Delete" key.

 

You need to select the reverse because you will be deleting the rest of this layer.

 

Notice what's left over as indicated by the arrow.  Hit "CTRL+D" to deselect.

 

 

 

 

Now select the brush tool, opacity 100%, white foreground and select the layer mask. 

 

 

 

 

Again, make sure the layer mask is selected.  Now brush away to reveal the layer beneath.

 

Below I lowered the opacity of the blended layer to illustrate where I've brushed away the mask.

 

 

 

 

Here's what it looks like normal.  Notice where the misalignment is now.

 

 

 

 

 

Now the fun part.  Make sure the image (layer) is selected.  Select the transform tool "distort" by hitting "CTRL+T", then right click and choose distort or on the toolbar select EDIT > Transform > Distort.

 

 

 

 

Choose a corner and slowly drag your mouse to match the layer with the layer beneath.  Take your time.  I normally zoom in to have better control.

 

 

 

 

Done!

 

 

NOTE:  Sometimes the color and/or exposure may not match.  You can do the following.

 

Change the following in Image > Adjustments

Levels

Color Balance

Hue/Saturation

Brightness/Contrast

Match Color

 

 

 

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